The 2022 ATB represents cost and performance for battery storage across a range of durations (1–8 hours). It represents only lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)—with nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries—at this time, with LFP becoming the primary chemistry for stationary storage starting in 2021. The Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Vehicle Technologies Office estimates the cost of an electric vehicle lithium-ion battery pack declined 89% between 2008 and 2022 (using 2022 constant dollars). The 2022 estimate is $153/kWh on a usable-energy basis for production at scale of at least 100,000 units per year. That compares to $1,355/kWh in They found a 16% decline in battery pack cost between 2007 and 2019. The authors estimated in 2019 that the average cost of battery packs was $161/kWh. With that estimate, in 2019, the cost of an out-of-warranty 100 kWh battery, as is common in Tesla long range vehicles, would be at least $16,100 before labor, taxes, etc. The market around the recycling of lithium-ion batteries is huge and growing, mostly thanks to electric vehicles. Surely, a lot of other lithium-ion batteries get recycled, including from phones and power tools, but the majority comes from EVs. In 2019, it was estimated that the recycling market was worth $1.5 billion. According to a recent analysis of global battery-storage projects by Bloomberg NEF, lithium ion batteries are now undercutting gas peaking plants in much of the world. At an all-in cost of $132/MWh, a four-hour utility scale battery is now priced below the global gas-peaker plant average at $173/MWh. Even within the US, where gas prices are . A typical home battery will usually cost between $8,500 to $10,000, not including installation. If that seems like more than you had in mind, here’s what goes into those numbers, and what you can expect to pay for a selection of the most popular batteries on the market today. Storage costs are $255/kWh, $326/kWh, and $403/kWh in 2030 and $159/kWh, $237/kWh, and $380/kWh in 2050. Costs for each year and each trajectory are included in the Appendix. Figure 2. Battery cost projections for 4-hour lithium-ion systems. The volume-weighted average for lithium-ion battery pack prices reached $151/kwh this year, a 7% increase over 2021, according to the report. Average prices could have been even higher in 2022 At the moment the average cost of a lithium-ion battery pack is about $140 per kilowatt hour. The holy grail is $100 per kilowatt hour: at that point EVs will become cost-competitive with According to a recent analysis of global battery-storage projects by Bloomberg NEF, lithium ion batteries are now undercutting gas peaking plants in much of the world. At an all-in cost of $132/MWh, a four-hour utility scale battery is now priced below the global gas-peaker plant average at $173/MWh. Even within the US, where gas prices are

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